Estimated Incident Cost Savings in Shipping Due to Inspections

The effectiveness of safety inspections has been analysed from various angles, but until now, relatively little attention has been given to translate risk reduction into incident cost savings. This paper quantifies estimated cost savings based on port state control inspections and industry vetting inspections. It is based on a unique dataset of 515,194 ship arrivals and inspections from the United States of America and Australia, and inspections of three industry vetting inspection regimes, for the time period 2002 to 2007. The risk reducing effect of inspections is estimated by means of duration models, in terms of inspection gains based on the probability of survival. The results suggest average total estimated cost savings in the range of USD 74 to 192 thousand (median USD 19 to 46 thousand) owing to reduced risk of total loss due to a port state control inspection. Cost savings for industry inspections are found to be even higher, especially for tankers. The savings vary by type, age and size of the ship. The benefits of an inspection are in general larger for older and larger vessels, and also for vessels with undefined flags and unknown classification societies. As inspection costs are relatively low in comparison to potential cost savings, the results underline the importance in determining high risk ships to prevent costs due to total loss of ships.maritime safety;duration analysis;ship inspection

Total Estimated Cost of Child Abuse and Neglect in the United States

Outlines the direct and indirect costs of addressing the physical, emotional, social, and cognitive impact of abuse and neglect on the victims, including health care, child welfare services, law enforcement, special education, and lost productivity

The Economic Cost of Domestic Hunger: Estimated Annual Burden to the United States

Examines the extent of domestic hunger and estimates the cost burden of food insecurity to the nation, including the costs of charity to help feed families, mental health and physical illnesses, and impaired educational outcomes and economic productivity

Contractor project estimates vs. consultant project estimates in Ghana

Ten projects constructed in Ghana between 2003 and 2010 are examined and analysed to ascertain the reliability of estimated costs provided for the projects. Cost estimates for five of the projects were calculated by consultants and cost estimates for the five remaining projects were calculated by contractors. Cost estimates prepared by contractors seemed to be closer to actual costs than estimates calculated by consultants. Projects estimated by consultants experienced an average cost overrun of 40% and time overrun of 62% whereas projects priced by contractors experienced an average cost overrun of 6% and time overrun of 41%. It seemed that contractors had a better understanding of the actual construction processes and a clearer expectation of the needs of the client hence an ability to calculate estimates that were closer to reality. Construction clients in Ghana should rely on contractors for more realistic cost estimates as estimates by consultants may be inaccurate. Where consultants are employed, an allowance of up 40% should be added to the estimated costs as a margin for inaccuracy

Estimated Cost by Units of Facilities

An estimate of the cost of different areas of the Union.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/buildings/1746/thumbnail.jp

Total Estimated Cost of Child Abuse & Neglect In The United States: Statistical Evidence

This data represents the first attempt to document the nationwide costs resulting from abuse and neglect. These costs can be placed in one of two categories: direct (those costs associated with the immediate needs of abused or neglected children) and indirect (those costs associated with the long-term and/or secondary effects of child abuse and neglect). The data cited has been drawn from a variety of sources, including the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Justice, the U.S. Census and others. Appropriate data citations are included throughout the report

The Thrift Industry and the Community Reinvestment Act: Assessing the Cost of Social Responsibility

A stochastic frontier cost function indicates that the annual cost of complying with the anti-redlining Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) is $171,000 per thrift institution, roughly 2.3 percent of variable costs. But compliance cost is significantly less than the estimated 21 percent cost inefficiency. Based on published estimates of the incremental number of mortgage loans induced by CRA, the marginal cost is$38,000 per loan. The regulations whose compliance cost is estimated apply to about 80 percent of all U.S. banks.

Lyme Disease in Fairfield County, Connecticut: The Need to Know

There has been a steady rise in number of cases reported of Lyme disease in the past 25 years. In fact, it is the 7th most common reportable infectious disease in US with an estimated over 300,000 people diagnosed and treated each year. The total medical cost attributable to Lyme disease has been estimated to be as much as $1.3 billion a year with the total cost of Lyme disease testing estimated to be$492 million. Moreover, Lyme disease is associated with higher total health care cost and more outpatient visits over a 12-month period. According to the Connecticut Department of Public Health, the most number of cases of Lyme Disease in Connecticut is in Fairfield County. Therefore, education especially awareness and prevention is crucial to decrease the number of cases of Lyme each year, keep the cost down and have a healthier patient population without Lyme Disease.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/fmclerk/1550/thumbnail.jp